What is HMPV: Understanding Human Metapneumovirus, as cases ...

The story so far

Last week, China’s diseases control authority said that it was piloting a monitoring system for pneumonia of unknown origin, with cases of some respiratory diseases expected to rise through the winter. According to a Reuters report, this move to establish a dedicated system was aimed at helping authorities set up protocols to handle unknown pathogens. The country was already witnessing an upward trend in overall infections as of mid-December, and was expecting to see more respiratory infections in the winter and spring. One of the pathogens that was detected, and which showed an upward trend in the northern provinces especially among people under the age of 14, was human metapneumovirus, as per the report.

Subsequently, viral posts showcasing crowds of people in what looked like Chinese hospitals began doing the rounds on social media along with statements about China allegedly declaring an emergency over this virus. However, so far, there has been no such official declaration.

What is human metapneumovirus?

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that causes mild infections similar to that caused by a common cold. First identified by scientists in 2001, the virus belongs to the Pneumoviridae family, of which respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), measles and mumps are also members.

HMPV can cause both upper and lower respiratory tract infections and is generally seen in winter and early spring. Children, the elderly and those with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to the infection and to developing complications from it.

What are the signs and symptoms of HMPV?

Symptoms can resemble those caused by a common cold. They include a cough, runny or blocked nose, sore, throat, fever and wheezing. The estimated incubation period is three to six days. In most people, the illness goes away on its own within a few days, with rest and supportive care at home. In a few people however, complications such as bronchitis or pneumonia may arise, requiring medical care.

How does HMPV spread?

HMPV spreads through contact with an infected person or touching objects that have the virus on them. This can be through: secretions from coughs, sneezes; close contact with someone who has the infection such as shaking hands, hugging; touching a doorknob or a phone or a keyboard that may be contaminated with the virus and then touching the mouth, nose or eyes.

How is HMPV treated?

There is no vaccine and there is no specific antiviral to treat HMPV. Most people require over-the-counter medications to relieve fever and pain, possibly with a decongestant. Antibiotics will not work for HMPV.

Can HMPV be prevented?

Yes, as with most other respiratory viruses, the best way to protect yourself from illness is to wash your hands frequently with soap and water, avoid close contact with infected persons, avoid touching your face, nose, eyes and mouth and wear a mask if you think you may be infected, so that you can prevent transmitting it to others. People with lung conditions such as asthma or COPD should be extra cautious and protect themselves from infection.

Health Ministry monitoring situation

In light of the reports from China, the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) under the Union Health Ministry is closely monitoring respiratory and seasonal influenza cases in the country, and is in touch with international agencies, according to official sources

“We will continue to monitor the situation closely, validate information and update accordingly,” official sources said.

“The data from December 16-22, indicates a recent rise in acute respiratory infections, including seasonal influenza, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV); however, the overall scale and intensity of respiratory infectious diseases in China this year is lower than last year. A seasonal increase in respiratory pathogens is expected in the northern hemisphere, particularly during the winter period,” sources said.

(With inputs from ANI)