World Diabetes Day 2024: Expert Insights On Diabetes Complications, Prevention, And Risk Management

World Diabetes Day 2024: Diabetes is one of the most serious health conditions affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the body cannot regulate blood sugar levels properly, either due to insufficient insulin production (Type 1 diabetes) or the body's inability to respond effectively to insulin (Type 2 diabetes). This imbalance can lead to several long-term health complications, including heart disease, kidney failure, and nerve damage.

The importance of early diabetes awareness and prevention lies in its impact on both the individual and their family. In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Varun Suryadevara, a Consultant Endocrinologist at Apollo Sugar Clinic in Banerghatta Road, Bangalore, discussed diabetes complications, prevention, and risk management. Dr. Suryadevara explained that while managing blood sugar is crucial, preventing and detecting complications early is just as important for maintaining a good quality of life. Let’s explore the key complications and how to manage them. Over time, high blood sugar levels can damage various organs, leading to:

1. Heart disease and stroke
2. Kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy)
3. Eye problems (diabetic retinopathy)
4. Nerve damage (neuropathy)
5. Gum disease and dental issues
6. Musculoskeletal issues
7. These complications develop gradually, often without noticeable symptoms in the early stages. That’s why prevention and regular screening are vital.

What Are The Prevention Strategies For Diabetes?

According to Dr. Varun Suryadevara, the good news is that many diabetes complications can be prevented or delayed. Proper control of blood glucose (HbA1c less than 7%), blood pressure management (less than 140/90 mm Hg), and maintaining cholesterol levels within the target range remain key for preventing complications. These are often referred to as the ABCs (A1c, BP, Cholesterol) of diabetes management.

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A healthy lifestyle is key to achieving these treatment targets. Following a balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean proteins is important. Regular exercise, aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week, should be incorporated into the routine. Maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding alcohol, and quitting smoking also help prevent complications.

What Is The Role Of Medications Foe Diabetes?

Medications need to be optimized depending on the risk of various complications. Patients at higher risk of cardiovascular complications or kidney diseases should be on medications that reduce the risk. Two classes of medications used for diabetes—GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors—help reduce the risk of cardiovascular and renal complications. Adherence to medications and adjusting doses at appropriate intervals are necessary.

Why Early Detection Through Regular Screenings For Diabetes Is Important?

Regular check-ups and screenings are crucial for early detection of complications. A comprehensive dilated eye exam can detect early signs of retinopathy and should be performed yearly. Urine albumin excretion helps detect early kidney disease. Regular foot checks can identify circulation problems or nerve damage. Dental visits are important to prevent and detect gum disease. Regular checks of blood pressure, cholesterol, and other cardiovascular risk factors, along with periodic ECGs and treadmill tests, help in early detection of cardiovascular disease.

In patients with existing complications, proper management involving cardiologists, nephrologists, ophthalmologists, and surgeons as necessary, improves outcomes.

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In conclusion, Dr. Varun Suryadevara emphasized that living with diabetes requires active participation in your healthcare. Keep track of your blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and medication use, and share this information with your healthcare team regularly. Remember, you’re not alone in this journey. Your healthcare team, including your endocrinologist, is there to support you. Don’t hesitate to ask questions or seek help when needed. Early detection can lead to significant improvements in long-term outcomes. By focusing on prevention and early detection, you can significantly reduce the risk of diabetes complications and maintain a high quality of life. Stay informed, stay proactive, and stay healthy!