Prostate cancer awareness: The call for early detection

JOHANNESBURG - While many men remain unaware of their risks, experts urge regular screenings and lifestyle changes as crucial steps toward prevention and early detection of prostate cancer.

Olivia Curlewis, a service specialist from The Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA), shared insights into the risk factors, symptoms and treatments and shed light on why prostate cancer awareness is crucial.

Curlewis explained that prostate cancer affects a small gland below the bladder that produces seminal fluid. 

“The prostate surrounds the urethra, and this is where the fluid is made that nourishes sperm,” she said. 

However, prostate cancer often grows silently, presenting few symptoms until it reaches an advanced stage.

What men should know

Several factors increase prostate cancer risk, including age, family history and race. 

While these are non-modifiable, lifestyle choices also play a role.

“Smoking, alcohol, steroid use, high dairy and red meat intake are lifestyle factors that could elevate a man’s risk,” Curlewis explained.

What to look out for

Unlike many cancers, prostate cancer often has few or no symptoms early on. 

However, when symptoms do appear, they may include trouble urinating, blood in the urine or semen, and if the cancer has spread, pain in the lower back, hips, or legs. 

“The prostate may become enlarged, causing difficulty passing urine. As it progresses, symptoms like blood in the semen and lower body pain may occur,” Curlewis said.

Treatment options

Treatment options vary, depending on the cancer’s stage. 

“Early-stage prostate cancer (Stages One and Two) may require monitoring or minimal treatment,” Curlewis explained.

“Stage Three often involves a prostatectomy, surgically removing the prostate. In advanced cases, we look to radiation, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy.”

Many men live long, healthy lives post-treatment. 

With the right support, men can manage both the emotional and physical impacts of a prostate cancer diagnosis. 

CANSA also has a tele-counselling line for patients.

“Through tele-counselling, men can ask about radiation, chemo, and hormone therapy, and our clinical counsellors offer support ,” Curlewis added.

Early detection saves lives

Prostate cancer can be a serious diagnosis, but early detection and treatment significantly improve outcomes.

Curlewis emphasised the importance of regular screenings.

By Ntandoyenkosi Kubheka